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Fracturing Pump Technology

发布时间：

2022-04-07

With the continuous strengthening of sand fracturing and acid fracturing technology and the continuous increase of the depth of oil and gas wells in China, the fracturing pump is increasingly developing in the direction of large displacement, high pressure and high power. With the development of oil and gas exploration technology, the distribution of oil and gas wells is becoming more and more extensive, and the requirements for the mobility of fracturing equipment will be higher. Therefore, the working conditions of the fracturing pump are worse, and it is of great significance to further improve the service life of the fracturing pump and to carry out structural improvement and overall research on it.

1. Research status of domestic fracturing pump technology

Because my country's economy still has a certain gap compared with those of western developed countries, it is generally still in the stage and level of imitation and improvement on the basis of similar foreign products. Similarly, the fracturing process equipment used in oil and gas exploration is not comparable to them, in terms of design and manufacturing, it is incomparable with those countries with advanced fracturing technology, and there is such a gap. The key issues are: (1) Judging from the current situation, the fracturing equipment technology developed and used by China itself is not mature enough, and the functions of the fracturing equipment are not complete enough; (2) It is used in the production lines of many oil and gas fields in China. Most of the fracturing pumps in China are still of the type with small displacement and slow pressure rise; (3) China's research and development level of fracturing technology is not yet in place, and it is still far from the fracturing technology that leads the world trend; (4) ) Most of the fracturing equipment in use cannot withstand the harsh working environment and heavy work tasks for a long time. They wear for a long time and have a short service life. Besides, most of them are expensive equipment, and a large number of equipment damages in a short period of time increase the cost. , reducing the production efficiency; (5) Although there are some enterprises that produce fracturing process equipment in China, the products produced have not been standardized and cannot meet the requirements of mutuality.

In recent years, my country's economic development strategy is the western development strategy. Similarly, the petroleum industry has also turned to the western sector with the development of the western development. Due to the gradual reduction of my country's oil and gas reserves, and with the large-scale use of domestic vehicles, the use of oil and gas has increased significantly year by year, which urgently requires my country to speed up the input of special media fracturing equipment, desert fracturing equipment, Development speed of shallow beach fracturing equipment and deep well fracturing equipment. Therefore, my country must invest a lot of manpower and material resources to design and produce fracturing equipment with high power, large displacement and long service life to adapt to economic development. Because the pressure pump is one of the most important equipment in the fracturing process, its working environment is generally very harsh, and its work requirements are very high, such as high power, and its production and research process is very complex, requiring The technology of fracturing equipment is very high, and the research and development technology of fracturing process equipment in my country is still immature. Therefore, the number of manufacturers of fracturing equipment in my country is relatively small, mainly concentrated in three factories: Lanzhou General Machinery Factory, Jianghan Fourth Petroleum Machinery Factory and Chengdu Banfa Special Vehicle Factory. Compared with foreign countries, my country also has many deficiencies in the design and processing of parts and lacks competitiveness. Compared with industrialized countries, my country's 3D CAD technology is also far behind in the depth and breadth of application. The application of CAD technology in our country is still basically on computer-aided design, and it is generally based on design drawings. Moreover, the production process of fracturing equipment in my country still uses the traditional processing method of drilling, expanding and reaming to process large-diameter deep holes in the pump head. few.

2. Domestic development prospects

The current situation in our country's fracturing equipment market is at its peak, with persistent market drivers. In 2002, my country's Daqing Oilfield was among the first in the country to use fracturing equipment to increase oil and gas production, and the increase in production in Daqing Oilfield was as high as 40%.60%. Unconventional gas development such as shale gas, natural gas development, and traditional oilfield production increase will become one of the most important measures and driving forces for my country to increase oil and gas production in the next few years.

There is a big gap between the design and manufacture of special plunger pumps that are widely used in oil and gas fields such as fracturing and acidification in my country and the design level, manufacturing quantity and quality of foreign plunger pumps. There are many reasons for this gap. Summary The most important thing is that the history of developing oil and gas fields in my country is too short, and the research and manufacture of plunger pumps specially used in oil and gas fields, such as fracturing pumps, started late. In order to move closer to the world's advanced fracturing technology, our main efforts The development direction has the following aspects: striving to realize the serialization, standardization and generalization of products; the research and manufacture of the basic components of fracturing process equipment should be more comprehensive; the diversification of fracturing equipment functions and forms; the diversification of fracturing equipment varieties . With the increasing role of the petroleum industry in national production, my country has also developed rapidly in the research of fracturing pump technology and the manufacture of fracturing pump equipment, which is far behind the countries with advanced fracturing technology in the world. will also get smaller.

3. The working principle of the fracturing pump

The important job of the fracturing pump is to transport the fracturing fluid to the bottom of the well under very high pressure, so that the rock at the bottom of the well is cracked and changed into many cracks in the following year. This method is used to improve the oil and gas permeability and increase the oil and gas The rapid flow below the formation increases the production of oil and gas. Fracturing fluids include acidizing fluids and sand mixing fluids. Acidizing fluid is a certain concentration of acid fluid that corrodes the formation during fracturing, such as hydrochloric acid, which can expand fractures and promote the formation of holes. Sand mixing liquid is generally a mixed liquid in which a certain proportion of proppant is added to clear water, viscous liquid or the original liquid. In the fracturing process, the proppant such as sand particles in the sand mixing fluid can play a good supporting role and can also expand the formation fractures.

All in all, fracturing is the use of fracturing fluid to transmit the pressure, and the pressure of the high-pressure equipment is transmitted to the rock formation. Thereby increasing the oil yield.

In the fracturing process of the fracturing pump, the pressure that the fracturing fluid conducts to the formation comes from the high-pressure fracturing pump located above the ground. The kinetic energy of the power end of the fracturing pump is converted into the liquid energy of the fracturing fluid through the hydraulic end, so that the fracturing fluid is injected below the formation at a certain speed. With the continuous injection of fracturing fluid, the pressure below the formation also gradually increases. When the injection rate of the fracturing fluid is greater than the formation's ability to absorb the liquid, a gradually increasing pressure will be formed in the formation. The permeability and flow velocity of the formation liquid are improved, and the flow velocity of oil and gas in the formation will also increase, which will significantly increase the oil and gas production and greatly improve the production efficiency.

After the pump is stopped, in order to prevent the fracture from re-closing under the gravity of the upper rock, it is necessary to add some proppant such as quartz sand to the fracturing fluid injected into the formation, and fill it in the proppant in the opened fracture. It can play the role of supporting the seam surface. Compared with the natural formation rock, the structure of this sand-filled fracture is much looser, therefore, it can greatly improve the flow rate and diffusion area of the formation near the bottom of the well, so that the production of oil and gas can be multiplied. .

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